The only item on the list I question is independence - "they learn that they don’t need a teacher, a parent, or a boss to tell
them what to do. They can manage themselves, and be free, and figure out
the direction they need to take on their own."

Giving them the confidence to stand up on their own is good.  Thinking they don't need a teacher, a parent, a boss or anyone else, isn't necessarily good.  We need teachers and role models.  The reality is that most of us will have bosses telling us what to do. 

Managing themselves and figuring out their own direction is good.  Thinking they're free to do what they want, whenever they want, without realizing or considering that this may create consequences for others isn't.

Sometimes I think our culture stresses independence as a value too much.  We are interdependent.

Not sure where exactly you learned your history or science for that matter cause Darwin never ever made any claim or suggestion that implied human superiority over other animals. His theories in fact overturned the biblical notion of human superiority over the animal kingdom.